Callizygaeninae

Tarmann (1994) excluded this group from the Procridinae and promoted it to subfamily rank. It lacks the autapomorphies of the Procridinae, but does not fall readily within the Zygaeninae or Chalcosiinae. The male genitalia have strongly sclerotised and dish-like valves as in Zygaeninae, but the uncus is single, stout, triangular, rather than double. The aedeagus is uniquely small, slender, spine-like. In the female the corpus bursae has characteristic signa. The ductus seminalis arises from the basal part of the ductus bursae (distally in Zygaeninae and from the corpus bursae in Procridinae). A pseudobursa is present as in Zygaeninae and Chalcosiinae.

The analyses of Yen (2003) and Yen et al. (2005) placed the group as most closely related to the Chalcosiinae, as discussed on p. 13 and supported by the molecular results of Niehuis et al. (2006). Yen (2003) indicated further characteristics that these groups share: more membranous and projected adult mandible lobes; very short antennal sensory setae, often restricted to the rami.

Three species of the type genus occur in Borneo. The life history of one is known, and that of a close relative from the Philippines is described also in the generic account.

Cleoda Tremewan was placed with the Callizygaeninae tentatively by Yen et al. (2005) who also drew attention to difficulties with relating the sexes. But the analyses showed that association of Cleoda with Callizygaena was supported by 27 characters, particularly forked scales within the chaetosemata, and further scaling characters of the wings.