Nudariini

Bendib & Minet (1999) considered this tribe was most reliably defined on the loss of discrete D1 verrucae on larval abdominal segments 1-8. They also suggested two characters of the adult were apomorphic: a band of fine, close-set strigae laterally on the metepisternum, distinct from the microtymbals (also, probably homoplasiously, in a few Cisthenini); lack of an opening on the posterior wall of the tergal rim (also seen developed in parallel in the Lithosiini, some Cisthenini and a few Endrosini).

The forewing veins are often all present (reduced in the ‘translucent’ group discussed below), and there is multiple fasciation, sometimes broken up into dots or striae. Discal and other dots in the cell are often present. In most genera (Cyana Walker is an exception with reductions) the hindwing venation has Rs+M1 stalked or fused, and the four more posterior veins are present and separate.

Bendib & Minet recognised two subgroups within this tribe, both of which are represented in Borneo. Cyana and Paidia Hübner have CuA1 and M3 stalked or coincident (Fig 10i), a projecting lobe near the base of R2 under the male forewing, and fusion of D and SD2 into a single verruca on T2 and T3 of the larva. The second subgroup is much larger and is defined by reduction of the L setae to a single verruca (L2) between the spiracle of the proleg on A3 to A6. This includes two major groupings of genera: a complex that includes Thumatha Walker, Asura Walker and allies and Miltochrista Hübner (Thumatha to Eutane Walker in the sequence following) that may be defined by possession in the larva on segments T3 and A7 of a large eversible gland between verrucae D and SD; a group of rather delicate, translucent species usually with V-shaped wing scales (Schistophleps Hampson to Nudaria Haworth in the sequence following) that often also have an elongate antennal scape and reduction of the forewing venation in the radial sector that includes only bifurcate branching systems but sometimes two of these (e.g. Schistophleps). Many of the Thumatha group genera have a pair of coremata in the male eighth abdominal segment (e.g. Figs 268,270,272), and the valve of the male genitalia frequently has a process arising from near the centre of the costa. They also may have enlarged paratergal sclerites in the male genitalia as in the Cisthenini, though in a less extreme form. The Thumatha sequence include numerous taxa that were referred to Asura and Miltochrista by authors from Hampson (1900) to Bendib & Minet (1999); an attempt has been made here to find more satisfactory generic concepts for these taxa.

Fig 10i: *Cyana pudens* Walker

The adult resting posture in the tribe varies from tectiform to one converging on that defining the Lithosiini (Cyana).