Calyptronotum singapura Roepke

Pseudofentonia singapura Gaede, 1930: 624.

Calyptronotum confusum Roepke, 1944, Natuurh. Maandbl. Maastricht. 33: 5, syn. n.

Calyptonotum confusum Roepke; Kiriakoff, 1968: 167.

Calyptronotum singapura Gaede; Kiriakoff, 1968: 167.

Diagnosis

This species may be distinguished by its silvery grey forewings and dark brown-grey hindwings, the former with a biarcuate postmedial, concavities distad; the submarginal is more or less a straight, thin, black line over the anterior half of the wing but is stepped over the posterior half.

Taxonomic Notes

The male genitalia of Bornean specimens resemble those illustrated for confusumby Kiriakoff (1968), and the facies of the holotype female of singapura and the allotype female of confusum are within the range of variation observed for Bornean females.

Therefore the two names are brought into synonymy. C. gualberta Schaus (which may be a junior synonym of Stauropus ocularis Semper) is very similar externally but the male genitalia have the major process of the valve more finely tapered, the more distal, minor one is larger, the uncus has two small ventral processes and the gnathus has a deeper angular cleft apically. C. gualberta flies in the Philippines.

The Javan Pseudofentonia walshiae Roepke is somewhat similar in appearance but is probably closely related to the Burmese Mesophalera lundbladi Kiriakoff and perhaps the Sumatran M. obliterata Kiriakoff.

Geographical range

Sundaland.

Habitat preference

The species is infrequent in a wide range of lowland forest types in Sarawak and Brunei but was taken most frequently in lower montane forest on both G. Mulu and G. Api during the Mulu survey.

It has also been recorded at just over 1600 m on both Bukit Retak and Bukit Pagon in Brunei.

Genitalia: